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國家衛生研究院針對
COVID-19 疫苗與藥物的快速開發策略：從準備到動物研究
Expeditious development of vaccine and drug strategies against COVID-19 at National Health Research Institutes: From preparedness to animal-based studies
司徒惠康博士 國家衛生研究院副院長
Huey-Kang
Sytwu, Ph.D.
Vice President, National Health Research Institutes
去年底新型冠狀病毒疫情爆發時，國家衛生研究院根據先前應對 SARS 的經驗，非常迅速地制定了針對 COVID-19 的疫苗和藥物策略。
這次演講主要分享我們在一月份迅速建立了四種疫苗開發方法，包括刺突蛋白的合成胜肽，DNA 疫苗，重組腺病毒和次單位疫苗。
從用這些疫苗免疫的小鼠收集的抗體可以顯著抑制被 CoV-2 感染的
vero 細胞的細胞病變作用。 我們的 ABSL-3 實驗室正在進行基於倉鼠和 hACE2（基因嵌入和轉基因）小鼠的攻擊試驗。 人工智能（AI）技術也用於識別具有治療 COVID-19 潛力的市售藥物。
When the novel
coronavirus outbreak occurred late last year, Taiwan ‘s National Health
Research Institutes took very rapid reaction to develop both a vaccine and
drug treatment strategies against COVID-19, using their previous experience
with SARS. This seminar will share their experiences on vaccine
development. They quickly established four approaches of vaccine
development in January, including synthetic peptides of spike, DNA vaccine,
recombinant adenovirus and subunit vaccine. Antibodies collected from mice
immunized with those vaccines can significantly suppress the cytopathic
effect of vero cells infected with CoV-2. The hamster- and hACE2 (knockin and
transgenic) mouse-based challenge tests are undergoing in our ABSL-3
laboratory. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is also applied to
identify the marketed drugs with potential for treating COVID-19.
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冠狀病毒疾病檢測和疫苗開發－由桿狀病毒到冠狀病毒
COVID-19 vaccine development and disease detection using Baculovirus as a tool
趙裕展博士 中央研究院分子生物研究所 研究員
Dr. Yu-Chan Chao
Research Fellow, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica
本次演講說明利用桿狀病毒蛋白基因工程對新冠病毒疫苗效性的研究及應用。研究者常以病毒最外層的蛋白當作抗原，以刺激人體免疫系統，產生相對應的抗體，讓免疫系統「記住」病毒，未來即可辨識、中和與消滅病毒，例如：冠狀病毒表面的棘蛋白，即是製作疫苗的重點之一。我們實驗室利用桿狀病毒研發冠狀病毒的棘蛋白為「次單元疫苗」，因為只利用了新冠病毒的部分結構、不需用到整顆病毒，比起活毒或減毒疫苗來說，相對安全的多。桿狀病毒只感染昆蟲，因此對於科學家做實驗，對公司加工處理以及對於公眾而言，使用它及其產品都非常安全。此次單位蛋白可以進一步改造蛋白穩定性，以延長疫苗的保存期。由於桿狀病毒不是脊椎動物的病原體，因此，它能夠在脊椎動物引起很大的免疫反應。利用這個特性，它還可以展示對人畜有害的病原病毒抗原以為有效的載體疫苗。經實驗顯示這類型的疫苗對流感和冠狀病毒有很好的保護效果。桿狀病毒還可以產生用於患者血清檢測的病毒抗原。
This
presentation will discuss the application of baculovirus protein engineering
in the development of effective coronavirus vaccines. Scientists often
use the outermost protein of the virus as an antigen to stimulate the
production of corresponding antibodies, so that the immune system "remembers"
the virus and can identify, neutralize and eliminate the same virus in the
future; for example, the coronavirus surface spike protein can be used as a
subunit vaccine without the need of entire pathogenic virus. Baculovirus is
an insect-specific virus, therefore, safe for the scientists to conduct
experiments, for the company to process products, and for the general public
to use its products. These subunit antigens can be further engineered for
better stability to improve vaccine shelf life. The baculovirus has not been
adapted as a pathogen to vertebrates, therefore, it is able to evoke robust
innate immune responses. By taking this unique feature, it can also display
antigens of pathogenic viruses harmful to humans and animals as effective
carrier vaccines. Experimental results have shown that these
baculovirus-based carrier vaccines have good protective effects on influenza
and coronavirus. Baculovirus can also produce viral antigens for the
detection of patient sera.
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共同解決新冠病毒所帶來的不確定性 – 在大流行期間 Cell Press 如何與研究社群合作
COVID-19, Navigating Uncertainties Together – how Cell Press works with research communities during pandemic
蔡妙智博士 Cell 資深編輯
Dr. Miao Chih Tsai
Sr. Editor, Cell
您想知道 Cell Press 出版社如何和學術界合作以因應冠狀病毒大流行造成的社會危機嗎？一起和蔡妙智，細胞期刊資深編輯，來討論他們如何和學術研究人員共同尋找解決方案，加速文章發表過程，以及改變創新編輯流程。
Do you want to
know how Cell Press work with research communities during pandemic? Join
Miao-Chih Tsai, senior scientific editor at Cell, Cell Press to discuss how
they work with authors to find solutions for research communities and
beyond. She will share editorial process, details about making efficient
workflows and better practices that could be re-deployed when the urgent
scientific question arises.
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